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退休教师2 - 伟德app官网下载安卓手机
2020-05-25T13:39:07+08:00
2020-05-25T13:39:07+08:00
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">胡维佳</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">方晓阳</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">王昌燧</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">刘二中</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">李大光</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">李伯聪</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">李醒民</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">曹忠胜</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">夏立容</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">施启良</span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">胡维佳</span></p>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: #000000; width: 111px; height: 23px; background-size: auto; background-color: #cce8cf;">
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">方晓阳</span></p>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: #000000; width: 87px; height: 23px; background-size: auto; background-color: #cce8cf;">
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">王昌燧</span></p>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: #000000; width: 91px; height: 23px; background-size: auto; background-color: #cce8cf;">
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">刘二中</span></p>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: #000000; width: 111px; height: 23px; background-size: auto; background-color: #cce8cf;">
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">李大光</span></p>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: #000000; width: 111px; height: 23px; background-size: auto; background-color: #cce8cf;">
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">李伯聪</span></p>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: #000000; width: 111px; height: 23px; background-size: auto; background-color: #cce8cf;">
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">李醒民</span></p>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: #000000; width: 87px; height: 23px; background-size: auto; background-color: #cce8cf;">
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">曹忠胜</span></p>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: #000000; width: 91px; height: 23px; background-size: auto; background-color: #cce8cf;">
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">夏立容</span></p>
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<td style="padding: 0cm 5.4pt; border: #000000; width: 111px; height: 23px; background-size: auto; background-color: #cce8cf;">
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">施启良</span></p>
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史前丝绸之路的知识交流: 釉砂之路
2017-05-15T03:22:11+08:00
2017-05-15T03:22:11+08:00
//www.yubeiwigs.com/index.php/xwbd/53933-2017-05-15-03-22-11
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/4.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 18pt;"></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">釉砂是一种以石英颗粒作胎、表面有釉的特殊陶瓷制品。在古埃及、两河流域和古印度文明,釉砂是玻璃的先驱。我国中原地区的釉砂最早见于西周时期,相比西亚地区晚了近</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">3000</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">年。中原地区突然大规模使用釉砂,暗示其制作工艺可能源自西方;但是,西方的釉砂技术何时何地传入中国,目前还缺乏有力证据。新疆地区地处亚欧大陆腹地,自古以来就是东西方文化交流的重要通道;该地区出土釉砂的科技分析,将为中原地区釉砂制作技术的来源提供关键线索。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs考古学与人类学系杨益民教授课题组与新疆文物考古研究所、北京航空航天大学合作,利用</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">X</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">射线荧光光谱分析和上海光源同步辐射显微</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">CT</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">,分析新疆哈密地区亚尔墓地出土的早期铁器时代(约公元前</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">1</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">千纪)釉砂珠(图</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">1</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">),获取显微结构和化学成分等信息,揭示了这些釉砂珠的制作工艺和可能产地。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">综合前人研究和考古学背景,提出釉砂制作技术的传播路径——釉砂之路,从新疆经甘肃到达中原;说明早在西周,新疆与中原王朝已有密切联系。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">釉砂制品自西向东的传播,不仅仅是物品的传播,更是知识和技术的传播,是史前时期东西方文化相互交流、相互碰撞和互学互鉴的重要体现。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">同时,西周釉砂不是中国本土玻璃的先驱,这与其他三大古文明的历史截然不同,体现了中华文明的独特性。相关研究成果“</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">Nondestructive characterization of ancient faience beads unearthed from Ya’er cemetery in Xinjiang, Early Iron Age China</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">”近日在陶瓷研究权威期刊《</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">Ceramics International</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">》上发表,论文第一作者为中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所硕士生刘念。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">本研究是首次对新疆地区出土釉砂珠开展科技分析。显微</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">CT</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">分析表明(图</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">2</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">),珠子成形方法为内芯成形法(</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">core-forming</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">),上釉方法存在施釉法和起霜法。成分分析表明,该批釉砂珠中</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">绝大部分样品的釉属于富钠的助熔剂体系,说明这些釉砂可能从西方传入或者其制作工艺受到了西方的影响。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">与我国中原地区、埃及地区、两河流域及印度地区的釉砂成分数据进行对比,并结合考古学背景,我们认为釉砂应由中亚地区传入新疆,经天山廊道、河西走廊最终流入中原。异域釉砂传入中原后,西周王室的工匠们借鉴当时发达的原始瓷工艺,很快进行了因地制宜的仿制,创造出具有中国特色成分体系的釉砂制品,在中国历史上首次大规模利用高温技术制作珠子,这也是中国陶瓷史上首次使用铜作为釉的呈色剂;同时,釉砂珠的功能及其承载的文化内涵在传播过程中也发生了剧烈的变动——从平民的日常装饰品成为西周礼制中组玉佩的重要组成部分。相关研究不仅探讨了中原地区釉砂技术的来源,也为史前丝绸之路提供了新证据。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">杨益民教授长期关注古代釉砂的生产工艺和传播,利用上海光源同步辐射显微</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">CT</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">取得了一系列成果:首次建立了战国时期釉砂、釉陶和玻璃蜻蜓眼的无损区分标准并揭示“眼珠”的镶嵌工艺(</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">Microscopy and Microanalysis</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">2013</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">)、首次指出我国西周时期本土釉砂珠采用了与西亚类似的内芯成形法(</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">2014</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">),以及首次鉴定古印度文明哈拉帕遗址的釉砂珠也和釉砂镯子一样采用起霜法制作(</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">Journal of Instrumentation</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">2016</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">)。此外,利用该方法在宁夏鸵鸟蛋壳串珠上识别出我国目前最早的连续旋转钻孔工艺(</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">2016</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">)。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">正如著名考古学家夏鼐先生所认同的,与陶器类似,珠子也是考古学研究的“字母表”;古代珠子的研究能为不同文明的文化交流提供丰富的信息。利用自然科学手段开展分析,有助于深入揭示珠子蕴含的科学价值、历史价值和人文价值。从古至今珠子都是不同人群的重要装饰品,“一带一路”国家战略中强调“民心相通”,因而珠子研究具有强烈的现实意义。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://renwen.ucas.ac.cn/images/articles/2017/201705/112113_740121.1.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://renwen.ucas.ac.cn/images/articles/_thumbs/2017/201705/112113_740121.1.jpg" alt="" class="insertimg" /></a><span class="insertimgtitle">图1.新疆亚尔墓地出土釉砂珠样品</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><a href="http://renwen.ucas.ac.cn/images/articles/2017/201705/112145_280112.2.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://renwen.ucas.ac.cn/images/articles/_thumbs/2017/201705/112145_280112.2.jpg" alt="" class="insertimg" /></a><span class="insertimgtitle">图2.新疆亚尔墓地出土釉砂珠的显微CT照片</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/4.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; margin-top: 6pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 6pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 18pt;"></span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">釉砂是一种以石英颗粒作胎、表面有釉的特殊陶瓷制品。在古埃及、两河流域和古印度文明,釉砂是玻璃的先驱。我国中原地区的釉砂最早见于西周时期,相比西亚地区晚了近</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">3000</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">年。中原地区突然大规模使用釉砂,暗示其制作工艺可能源自西方;但是,西方的釉砂技术何时何地传入中国,目前还缺乏有力证据。新疆地区地处亚欧大陆腹地,自古以来就是东西方文化交流的重要通道;该地区出土釉砂的科技分析,将为中原地区釉砂制作技术的来源提供关键线索。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs考古学与人类学系杨益民教授课题组与新疆文物考古研究所、北京航空航天大学合作,利用</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">X</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">射线荧光光谱分析和上海光源同步辐射显微</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">CT</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">,分析新疆哈密地区亚尔墓地出土的早期铁器时代(约公元前</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">1</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">千纪)釉砂珠(图</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">1</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">),获取显微结构和化学成分等信息,揭示了这些釉砂珠的制作工艺和可能产地。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">综合前人研究和考古学背景,提出釉砂制作技术的传播路径——釉砂之路,从新疆经甘肃到达中原;说明早在西周,新疆与中原王朝已有密切联系。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">釉砂制品自西向东的传播,不仅仅是物品的传播,更是知识和技术的传播,是史前时期东西方文化相互交流、相互碰撞和互学互鉴的重要体现。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">同时,西周釉砂不是中国本土玻璃的先驱,这与其他三大古文明的历史截然不同,体现了中华文明的独特性。相关研究成果“</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">Nondestructive characterization of ancient faience beads unearthed from Ya’er cemetery in Xinjiang, Early Iron Age China</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">”近日在陶瓷研究权威期刊《</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">Ceramics International</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">》上发表,论文第一作者为中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所硕士生刘念。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">本研究是首次对新疆地区出土釉砂珠开展科技分析。显微</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">CT</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">分析表明(图</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">2</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">),珠子成形方法为内芯成形法(</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">core-forming</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">),上釉方法存在施釉法和起霜法。成分分析表明,该批釉砂珠中</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">绝大部分样品的釉属于富钠的助熔剂体系,说明这些釉砂可能从西方传入或者其制作工艺受到了西方的影响。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">与我国中原地区、埃及地区、两河流域及印度地区的釉砂成分数据进行对比,并结合考古学背景,我们认为釉砂应由中亚地区传入新疆,经天山廊道、河西走廊最终流入中原。异域釉砂传入中原后,西周王室的工匠们借鉴当时发达的原始瓷工艺,很快进行了因地制宜的仿制,创造出具有中国特色成分体系的釉砂制品,在中国历史上首次大规模利用高温技术制作珠子,这也是中国陶瓷史上首次使用铜作为釉的呈色剂;同时,釉砂珠的功能及其承载的文化内涵在传播过程中也发生了剧烈的变动——从平民的日常装饰品成为西周礼制中组玉佩的重要组成部分。相关研究不仅探讨了中原地区釉砂技术的来源,也为史前丝绸之路提供了新证据。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">杨益民教授长期关注古代釉砂的生产工艺和传播,利用上海光源同步辐射显微</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">CT</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">取得了一系列成果:首次建立了战国时期釉砂、釉陶和玻璃蜻蜓眼的无损区分标准并揭示“眼珠”的镶嵌工艺(</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">Microscopy and Microanalysis</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">2013</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">)、首次指出我国西周时期本土釉砂珠采用了与西亚类似的内芯成形法(</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">2014</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">),以及首次鉴定古印度文明哈拉帕遗址的釉砂珠也和釉砂镯子一样采用起霜法制作(</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">Journal of Instrumentation</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">2016</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">)。此外,利用该方法在宁夏鸵鸟蛋壳串珠上识别出我国目前最早的连续旋转钻孔工艺(</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">,</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 14pt;">2016</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">)。</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 华文仿宋; font-size: 14pt;">正如著名考古学家夏鼐先生所认同的,与陶器类似,珠子也是考古学研究的“字母表”;古代珠子的研究能为不同文明的文化交流提供丰富的信息。利用自然科学手段开展分析,有助于深入揭示珠子蕴含的科学价值、历史价值和人文价值。从古至今珠子都是不同人群的重要装饰品,“一带一路”国家战略中强调“民心相通”,因而珠子研究具有强烈的现实意义。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://renwen.ucas.ac.cn/images/articles/2017/201705/112113_740121.1.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://renwen.ucas.ac.cn/images/articles/_thumbs/2017/201705/112113_740121.1.jpg" alt="" class="insertimg" /></a><span class="insertimgtitle">图1.新疆亚尔墓地出土釉砂珠样品</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><a href="http://renwen.ucas.ac.cn/images/articles/2017/201705/112145_280112.2.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://renwen.ucas.ac.cn/images/articles/_thumbs/2017/201705/112145_280112.2.jpg" alt="" class="insertimg" /></a><span class="insertimgtitle">图2.新疆亚尔墓地出土釉砂珠的显微CT照片</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
yubeiwigs教学走出课堂:北京古观象台教学记
2016-10-30T12:31:30+08:00
2016-10-30T12:31:30+08:00
//www.yubeiwigs.com/index.php/xwbd/53769-2016-10-31-12-31-30
郑硕
wangguangchao@ihns.ac.cn
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201610/123020_347096.guanxiangt.png" /></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: 24pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;"> 2016</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">年10月30日星期日上午9时,深秋的北京寒意逼人。但是位于建国门地铁站附近的北京古观象台,迎来了20多位兴致勃勃的年轻人,他们是伟德客户端官网下载安装最新版本的研究生,选修yubeiwigs孙小淳教授主讲的《中国古代科技史》,今天从伟德客户端官网下载安装最新版本雁栖湖校区赶来听孙老师为他们现场讲解中国古代天文学。孙老师告诉他们,要想了解中国古代天文学史,最好的去处就是北京古观象台。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201610/122715_413416.guanxiangt.png" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201610/122715_413416.guanxiangt.png" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 仿宋;">北京古观象台。台顶是清制仪器,花园中间是复制明代浑仪</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">北京古观象台具有悠久的历史。现在的主体建筑建于明朝正统七年(1442年),此后一直是明清两代的皇家天文台。它的前身,可以上推至元初建立的“太史院”,甚至可能追溯到辽、金时期的天文台,距今有800多年。从明正统初年一直到1929年,古观象台持续天文观测近五百年,在世界天文学史上是绝无仅有的。 </span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">同学们刚到古观象台,孙老师已经在门口等待他们。大家仰面看到就是古观象台的主体结构,高30多米,台顶隐约可见几件古天文仪器。孙老师首先给大家介绍了一下古代天文台的延革、意义和功能,说到中国古代自古重视天文学,天文台是最重要的官方天文机构,古代又叫“清台”、“灵台”等。《诗经》中就有周公带领民众建造“灵台”的诗句:“经始灵台、经之营之。庶民攻之,不日成之”。孙老师说,北京古观象台,可以说是中国古代天文学发展历史活生生的见证。 </span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">孙老师的开场讲解引起了同学们的浓厚兴趣,大家跟随孙老师走进了古观象台的庭院。庭院的东北角就是古观象台的台体,看起来像是古城墙的把角。西侧是一个大四合院,砖木结构建筑,飞檐彩拱,明代风格,有几个古天文展览室。台体的南侧,是一个大的花园。孙老师带着大家径直来到花园,向他们讲解那里陈列的各式古天文仪器的复制品。</span></p>
<p><a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201610/122805_941687.guanxiangt2.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201610/122805_941687.guanxiangt2.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"><span style="text-indent: 24pt; font-size: 11px;"></span></span></p>
<p><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"><span style="text-indent: 24pt; font-size: 11px;"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 仿宋;">同学们在古观象台花园合影</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">在浑仪前面,孙老师向同学们介绍了浑仪发明的历史及其演变。浑仪是汉代天文学家落下闳发明的,汉唐以来不断进步,到了宋代已经非常完备。孙老师强调,天文仪器的结构实际上也是宇宙观的反映,其环圈结构的完善反映了古人对天体运动认识的进步。花园中陈列的是明代复制的元代浑仪的复制品,原件陈列南京紫金山天文台。孙老师转动仪器,向大家演示如何用浑仪测量天体的位置。他特别指出,浑仪的多重环结构虽然比较好的体现了天体运动的特征,但却运转滞涩、过多遮蔽天区,观测不便。于是元代天文学家郭守敬把浑仪“简化”,创制简仪。孙老师紧接着来到简仪前向大家解释简仪是如何“简化”了浑仪。最重要的发明是改变同心环结构,把赤道环移至仪器的南极下端,同时把地平圈系统与赤道圈系统分开,分解为两个仪器。这样就完全解决了浑仪观测中存在的问题。孙老师告诉大家,郭守敬发明的简仪,实际上是现代天文望远镜赤道式安装的先驱,只是当时还没有用透镜装在窥管两端做成望远镜而已。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201610/122834_908574.guanxiangt3.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201610/122834_908574.guanxiangt3.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 仿宋;">同学们聚精会神地听孙老师讲解简仪</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">接着孙老师带同学们参观了花园中的其它天文仪器。有郭守敬发明的“玲珑仪”,是一个大的中空球体,球面上凿有小孔,人进到球内,可以看到点点光亮如天上繁星。有八尺铜圭表,是古代测量日中影长以定节气的基本天文仪器。孙老师向大家仔细介绍了古代如何测量影长以定节气,以及通过什么办法提高测量精度。特别介绍了郭守敬的种种发明:景符、窥几、高表等。孙老师指出,确定冬至时刻是古代天文历法计算的关键,所以古代天文学家要千方百计准确确定冬至时刻。郭守敬的发明就是为了实现这一目标,这也就是郭守敬能制定中国古代最精确的历法《授时历》的重要原因。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201610/122901_224935.guanxiangt4.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201610/122901_224935.guanxiangt4.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> <strong><span style="font-family: 仿宋;">孙老师讲解圭表测影</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">参观了花园中的天文仪器之后,孙老师带着同学们拾阶而上,参观古观象台顶的古天文仪器。都是清代制作的天文仪器,是国宝级的天文文物。一共有八尊仪器,在露台上依次排开:康熙十二年(1673年)时任钦天监监正(相当于今国家天文台台长)比利时传教士南怀仁(F. Verbiest)设计制造的赤道经纬仪、黄道经纬仪、纪限仪、象限仪、地平经仪、天体仪等6仪;还有康熙五十四年(1715年)制作的地平经纬仪和乾隆九年(1774年)制作的玑衡抚辰仪。孙老师为同学们一一讲述这些仪器的结构、设计、功能和使用方法,并讲述与之相关的中西天文学的历史故事。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">孙老师说,除了天文测量功能外,这些仪器至少有两个象征意义:一是西方天文学对于中国传统天文学的胜利。经过明未改历到“康熙历狱”,“西法”的地位在中国得到了确立,天文学“中西汇通”的步伐从此大大加快。另一个是康熙皇权的巩固,“康熙历狱”最终由刚继位执政不久的年轻康熙皇帝裁定,可以说是他独立执政的一个宣示。这些仪器的设计,基本上是照西方天文家第谷的设计,代表的是西方天文学传统;而装饰,则是龙纹祥云,是中国皇权的象征。在西方,这种望远镜以前的天文仪器也已经十分稀少了,因此,古观象台的这些仪器也成了研究世界天文学史的重要文物。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">看完台顶的天文仪器,同学们移步台下,来到台西侧的四合院。院子陈列有复原的正方案、星晷、月晷等,还有张衡、徐光启、祖冲之、僧一行的半身塑像。北、东、西侧是三个展厅,主题分别是“中国古代天文学成就”、“西学东渐”、“古台新貌”。孙老师带领同学们依次参观,并且回答他们提出的问题。对于古代的天文图、计时仪器、水运仪象台等,孙老师给大家一一讲解。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">整个参观教学过程达3个小时。在这期间,孙老师利用古观象台的文物和展品,生动形象地讲解了中国古代天文学的宇宙观、天文仪器、观测和历法等,也讲述了近代中西天文学汇通的进程。由于有天文仪器实物做演示,同学们对古天文概念和方法有了直观的理解。孙老师的讲解,不仅激发了同学们的兴趣,而且还吸引一些前来参观的游客的兴趣。不管是同学们的问题,还是游客的问题,孙老师都耐心解答。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;"><a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201610/122934_458595.guanxiangt5.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201610/122934_458595.guanxiangt5.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;"><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;"> </span><strong><span style="font-family: 仿宋;">《中国古代科技史》2016年班同学和老师在天文图前合影</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">经历了古观象台这次现场教学活动,同学们感到收获良多,对中国古代科学问题也有了更加深入的思考:中国古代有没有科学、科学与技术的关系、天文测量与理论的关系、国家支持与科学发展、科学家的作用等等。同学们在了解中国古代如何开展天文学研究的同时,对中国古代科学的性质和特点也有了新的认识。(作者:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">郑硕,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs硕士二年级)</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201610/123020_347096.guanxiangt.png" /></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: 24pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;"> 2016</span><span style="text-indent: 24pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">年10月30日星期日上午9时,深秋的北京寒意逼人。但是位于建国门地铁站附近的北京古观象台,迎来了20多位兴致勃勃的年轻人,他们是伟德客户端官网下载安装最新版本的研究生,选修yubeiwigs孙小淳教授主讲的《中国古代科技史》,今天从伟德客户端官网下载安装最新版本雁栖湖校区赶来听孙老师为他们现场讲解中国古代天文学。孙老师告诉他们,要想了解中国古代天文学史,最好的去处就是北京古观象台。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201610/122715_413416.guanxiangt.png" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201610/122715_413416.guanxiangt.png" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 仿宋;">北京古观象台。台顶是清制仪器,花园中间是复制明代浑仪</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">北京古观象台具有悠久的历史。现在的主体建筑建于明朝正统七年(1442年),此后一直是明清两代的皇家天文台。它的前身,可以上推至元初建立的“太史院”,甚至可能追溯到辽、金时期的天文台,距今有800多年。从明正统初年一直到1929年,古观象台持续天文观测近五百年,在世界天文学史上是绝无仅有的。 </span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">同学们刚到古观象台,孙老师已经在门口等待他们。大家仰面看到就是古观象台的主体结构,高30多米,台顶隐约可见几件古天文仪器。孙老师首先给大家介绍了一下古代天文台的延革、意义和功能,说到中国古代自古重视天文学,天文台是最重要的官方天文机构,古代又叫“清台”、“灵台”等。《诗经》中就有周公带领民众建造“灵台”的诗句:“经始灵台、经之营之。庶民攻之,不日成之”。孙老师说,北京古观象台,可以说是中国古代天文学发展历史活生生的见证。 </span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">孙老师的开场讲解引起了同学们的浓厚兴趣,大家跟随孙老师走进了古观象台的庭院。庭院的东北角就是古观象台的台体,看起来像是古城墙的把角。西侧是一个大四合院,砖木结构建筑,飞檐彩拱,明代风格,有几个古天文展览室。台体的南侧,是一个大的花园。孙老师带着大家径直来到花园,向他们讲解那里陈列的各式古天文仪器的复制品。</span></p>
<p><a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201610/122805_941687.guanxiangt2.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201610/122805_941687.guanxiangt2.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"><span style="text-indent: 24pt; font-size: 11px;"></span></span></p>
<p><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"><span style="text-indent: 24pt; font-size: 11px;"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 仿宋;">同学们在古观象台花园合影</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">在浑仪前面,孙老师向同学们介绍了浑仪发明的历史及其演变。浑仪是汉代天文学家落下闳发明的,汉唐以来不断进步,到了宋代已经非常完备。孙老师强调,天文仪器的结构实际上也是宇宙观的反映,其环圈结构的完善反映了古人对天体运动认识的进步。花园中陈列的是明代复制的元代浑仪的复制品,原件陈列南京紫金山天文台。孙老师转动仪器,向大家演示如何用浑仪测量天体的位置。他特别指出,浑仪的多重环结构虽然比较好的体现了天体运动的特征,但却运转滞涩、过多遮蔽天区,观测不便。于是元代天文学家郭守敬把浑仪“简化”,创制简仪。孙老师紧接着来到简仪前向大家解释简仪是如何“简化”了浑仪。最重要的发明是改变同心环结构,把赤道环移至仪器的南极下端,同时把地平圈系统与赤道圈系统分开,分解为两个仪器。这样就完全解决了浑仪观测中存在的问题。孙老师告诉大家,郭守敬发明的简仪,实际上是现代天文望远镜赤道式安装的先驱,只是当时还没有用透镜装在窥管两端做成望远镜而已。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201610/122834_908574.guanxiangt3.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201610/122834_908574.guanxiangt3.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 仿宋;">同学们聚精会神地听孙老师讲解简仪</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">接着孙老师带同学们参观了花园中的其它天文仪器。有郭守敬发明的“玲珑仪”,是一个大的中空球体,球面上凿有小孔,人进到球内,可以看到点点光亮如天上繁星。有八尺铜圭表,是古代测量日中影长以定节气的基本天文仪器。孙老师向大家仔细介绍了古代如何测量影长以定节气,以及通过什么办法提高测量精度。特别介绍了郭守敬的种种发明:景符、窥几、高表等。孙老师指出,确定冬至时刻是古代天文历法计算的关键,所以古代天文学家要千方百计准确确定冬至时刻。郭守敬的发明就是为了实现这一目标,这也就是郭守敬能制定中国古代最精确的历法《授时历》的重要原因。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201610/122901_224935.guanxiangt4.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201610/122901_224935.guanxiangt4.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> <strong><span style="font-family: 仿宋;">孙老师讲解圭表测影</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">参观了花园中的天文仪器之后,孙老师带着同学们拾阶而上,参观古观象台顶的古天文仪器。都是清代制作的天文仪器,是国宝级的天文文物。一共有八尊仪器,在露台上依次排开:康熙十二年(1673年)时任钦天监监正(相当于今国家天文台台长)比利时传教士南怀仁(F. Verbiest)设计制造的赤道经纬仪、黄道经纬仪、纪限仪、象限仪、地平经仪、天体仪等6仪;还有康熙五十四年(1715年)制作的地平经纬仪和乾隆九年(1774年)制作的玑衡抚辰仪。孙老师为同学们一一讲述这些仪器的结构、设计、功能和使用方法,并讲述与之相关的中西天文学的历史故事。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">孙老师说,除了天文测量功能外,这些仪器至少有两个象征意义:一是西方天文学对于中国传统天文学的胜利。经过明未改历到“康熙历狱”,“西法”的地位在中国得到了确立,天文学“中西汇通”的步伐从此大大加快。另一个是康熙皇权的巩固,“康熙历狱”最终由刚继位执政不久的年轻康熙皇帝裁定,可以说是他独立执政的一个宣示。这些仪器的设计,基本上是照西方天文家第谷的设计,代表的是西方天文学传统;而装饰,则是龙纹祥云,是中国皇权的象征。在西方,这种望远镜以前的天文仪器也已经十分稀少了,因此,古观象台的这些仪器也成了研究世界天文学史的重要文物。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">看完台顶的天文仪器,同学们移步台下,来到台西侧的四合院。院子陈列有复原的正方案、星晷、月晷等,还有张衡、徐光启、祖冲之、僧一行的半身塑像。北、东、西侧是三个展厅,主题分别是“中国古代天文学成就”、“西学东渐”、“古台新貌”。孙老师带领同学们依次参观,并且回答他们提出的问题。对于古代的天文图、计时仪器、水运仪象台等,孙老师给大家一一讲解。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">整个参观教学过程达3个小时。在这期间,孙老师利用古观象台的文物和展品,生动形象地讲解了中国古代天文学的宇宙观、天文仪器、观测和历法等,也讲述了近代中西天文学汇通的进程。由于有天文仪器实物做演示,同学们对古天文概念和方法有了直观的理解。孙老师的讲解,不仅激发了同学们的兴趣,而且还吸引一些前来参观的游客的兴趣。不管是同学们的问题,还是游客的问题,孙老师都耐心解答。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;"><a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201610/122934_458595.guanxiangt5.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201610/122934_458595.guanxiangt5.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;"><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;"> </span><strong><span style="font-family: 仿宋;">《中国古代科技史》2016年班同学和老师在天文图前合影</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">经历了古观象台这次现场教学活动,同学们感到收获良多,对中国古代科学问题也有了更加深入的思考:中国古代有没有科学、科学与技术的关系、天文测量与理论的关系、国家支持与科学发展、科学家的作用等等。同学们在了解中国古代如何开展天文学研究的同时,对中国古代科学的性质和特点也有了新的认识。(作者:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">郑硕,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 仿宋;">伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs硕士二年级)</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> </p>
南澳一号沉船外销瓷的产地研究
2016-07-31T01:42:20+08:00
2016-07-31T01:42:20+08:00
//www.yubeiwigs.com/index.php/xwbd/53716-2016-07-31-01-42-20
朱剑
wangguangchao@ihns.ac.cn
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201607/112412_787383.a1.jpg" /></p><p style="text-indent: 24pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">十六世纪中叶,随着大航海时代的来临和明朝海禁的解除,海上丝绸之路迎来了它历史上最为辉煌的篇章,以青花瓷为代表的中国商品沿着新航路被销往东南亚、中亚、欧洲甚至美洲。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">南澳一号沉船,位于南澳岛东南三点金海域的乌屿和半潮礁之间,是一艘沉没于明代万历年间的民间商船。外销青花瓷是船上装载的主要货物,是不可多得的研究古代海上交流与贸易等内容的重要的实物资料。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs考古学与人类学系与其他兄弟单位密切合作,针对南澳一号沉船出水瓷器,进行了全面科学研究。其中利用中子活化分析技术(Instrument Neutron Activation Analysis),对南澳一号出水瓷器和相关东南沿海和景德镇窑址出土的外销青花瓷进行微量元素分析的工作,取得了可喜的成绩。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 30pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">基于前期研究基础,朱剑副教授及其合作者应用多元统计方法对微量元素分析结果进行了判别分析,确定了沉船中一些产地模糊的样品实际是分别来自景德镇和漳州窑的外销青花瓷。基于这个结果和沉船的年代及沉没位置,研究者推测南澳一号的始发港为漳州月港,其航线为古代文献记载中“准贩东西二洋”的西洋航线,而可能的目的地是葡萄牙控制的贸易中心澳门,或荷兰在亚洲的贸易基地雅加达。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">该研究成果于今年6月发表于国际社科顶级期刊Antiquity上(<a href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=10325421&fileId=S0003598X16000673">http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=10325421&fileId=S0003598X16000673</a>)。</span></p>
<p><a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201607/014147_484492.1.png" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201607/014147_484492.1.png" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span><a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201607/014157_363070.2.png" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201607/014157_363070.2.png" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span><br /><br /></p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201607/112412_787383.a1.jpg" /></p><p style="text-indent: 24pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">十六世纪中叶,随着大航海时代的来临和明朝海禁的解除,海上丝绸之路迎来了它历史上最为辉煌的篇章,以青花瓷为代表的中国商品沿着新航路被销往东南亚、中亚、欧洲甚至美洲。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">南澳一号沉船,位于南澳岛东南三点金海域的乌屿和半潮礁之间,是一艘沉没于明代万历年间的民间商船。外销青花瓷是船上装载的主要货物,是不可多得的研究古代海上交流与贸易等内容的重要的实物资料。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 24pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs考古学与人类学系与其他兄弟单位密切合作,针对南澳一号沉船出水瓷器,进行了全面科学研究。其中利用中子活化分析技术(Instrument Neutron Activation Analysis),对南澳一号出水瓷器和相关东南沿海和景德镇窑址出土的外销青花瓷进行微量元素分析的工作,取得了可喜的成绩。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 30pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">基于前期研究基础,朱剑副教授及其合作者应用多元统计方法对微量元素分析结果进行了判别分析,确定了沉船中一些产地模糊的样品实际是分别来自景德镇和漳州窑的外销青花瓷。基于这个结果和沉船的年代及沉没位置,研究者推测南澳一号的始发港为漳州月港,其航线为古代文献记载中“准贩东西二洋”的西洋航线,而可能的目的地是葡萄牙控制的贸易中心澳门,或荷兰在亚洲的贸易基地雅加达。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif;">该研究成果于今年6月发表于国际社科顶级期刊Antiquity上(<a href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=10325421&fileId=S0003598X16000673">http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=10325421&fileId=S0003598X16000673</a>)。</span></p>
<p><a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201607/014147_484492.1.png" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201607/014147_484492.1.png" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span><a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201607/014157_363070.2.png" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201607/014157_363070.2.png" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span><br /><br /></p>
科学与人文讲座:《历史宣言》与启蒙的逻辑
2016-05-23T07:38:41+08:00
2016-05-23T07:38:41+08:00
//www.yubeiwigs.com/index.php/xwbd/53678-7
何涓
wangguangchao@ihns.ac.cn
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201605/074200_946101.lishixuanyan.jpg" /></p><p style="text-indent: 21pt;">2016<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span>5<span style="font-family: 宋体;">月</span>20<span style="font-family: 宋体;">日上午</span>9<span style="font-family: 宋体;">点</span>30<span style="font-family: 宋体;">分,伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs“科学与人文讲座”第</span>7<span style="font-family: 宋体;">期在中关村校区</span>S106<span style="font-family: 宋体;">教室如期举行。本次讲座特邀清华大学社会科学学院特聘教授、中国科技大学人文社会科学学院院长刘钝作了题为“《历史宣言》与启蒙的逻辑”的讲座,伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs的袁江洋教授主持了讲座。</span></p>
<p> <a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201605/073749_481922.1.jpeg.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201605/073749_481922.1.jpeg.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘教授首先介绍了《历史宣言》(</span>The History Manifesto<span style="font-family: 宋体;">)这本著作及其影响。</span>2014<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span>10<span style="font-family: 宋体;">月</span>3<span style="font-family: 宋体;">日,一份题为《历史宣言》的文档通过剑桥大学出版社公开上网。其作者是两位美国历史学家:布朗大学的古尔迪(</span>Joanna Guldi<span style="font-family: 宋体;">)与哈佛大学的阿米蒂奇(</span>David Armitage<span style="font-family: 宋体;">)。这是第一部先上网再付梓的编史学专著。作者们的宣传相当成功,该书一经上网就很快引起了西方史学界的热烈回应,但国内学者对该书的回应不够踊跃。</span></p>
<p> <a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201605/073836_348019.2.jpeg.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201605/073836_348019.2.jpeg.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘教授指出,《历史宣言》对于中国历史学家同样具有重大意义。始于上个世纪</span>70<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年代末的改革开放给中国带来了巨大的红利,在经济领域取得瞩目成就的同时,生态与文化建设的滞后、政治口号与社会现实的脱节、贪腐官员与百姓利益的冲突、行业与地区差异的拉大,种种潜伏的危机随时可能爆发并葬送中华民族复兴的希望。解决当今中国社会面临的巨大矛盾,不应仅仅听从政治学者和经济学家的意见,长时段大历史的经验需要引起决策者的足够重视,近代科学诞生与成长的历史更应成为庙堂人士的必修课业。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘教授分析,当前中国的现实情况是:一、经济学家漠视历史。其中的原因不可能从最近的</span>38<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年里找到,其深刻的根源需要追究到</span>200<span style="font-family: 宋体;">多年前的“大分流”。二、“反智论”源远流长。追究反智思潮的根源至少要从我们引以为豪的百家争鸣时代谈起,对至尊至上的怀疑在我们的文化中是缺位的,它与反智论的肆虐相形见绌,由此提供了群氓和奴才生长的土壤,对国民精神造成难以治愈的创伤,其危害远比战乱灾荒为烈。三、科技决策者的失据。科技界庙堂人士推出的“宣言”、“工程”、“计划”缺乏连续性,科学院的科技战略发展研究机构中没有历史学家,也没有一个像样的科技史研究者。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">“大历史”也受到了一些批评和质疑。刘教授认为,古尔迪和阿米蒂奇争辩的要点不是“长与短”的优劣,而是呼吁当代历史学家要有宽阔的视野和“究天人”与“通古今”的雄心,在政治决策与公共领域发挥积极作用,以期唤起公众对历史学的兴趣。他们对近几十年来历史学中出现碎片化、短视化、实用化倾向的担忧不无道理,以上“中国现实”(加上弄臣化、娱乐化)绝非空穴来风。他们珍视历史学的人文价值,强调历史学家的道义承担与风骨,认为大数据时代为新一代历史学家提供在国家重大政治、经济决策问题以及沟通民众上发挥作用的机会。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘教授以太史公为例,指出中国具有悠久的编史传统,中国编史学传统起点高贵。《史记》开创了将天文、历法、地理、音律、计量学、水利工程和经济史料包括在官修正史中的传统。竺可桢对中国五千年气候变化的研究、席泽宗对中国历史上新星与超新星记录的整理,就是早期中国科学史家利用长时段历史资料研究自然规律的代表成果。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">对于启蒙的逻辑,刘教授认为:历史是连续的,过去、现在与未来之间存在因果关系,不同的时空具有不同的文化特征。事实上,科学(技术)主导着今日的文化,伴随着近代科学的诞生西方世界发生了巨变,近代科学以及相应的变故都未曾在中国出现。中国的现代化需要理性启蒙,科学史特别是导致西方世界巨变的诸方面变故应该成为启蒙实践最重要的手段,科学史研究是科学文化建设的基础。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">最后,刘教授引据《历史宣言》,指出当代中国科学史工作者的一个重要责任,就是推进新文化建设,这种文化应该是与全球化和信息化的国际趋势相协调、与经济发展和社会进步的国情相一致的。特别地,我们应该把</span>16-19<span style="font-family: 宋体;">世纪在西方发生的那些围绕着科学革命与近代科学的诞生而出现的事件,那些导致人们不再盲目相信天启和权威的缘由、变故和动力,那些有益于新世界诞生的思想和制度,尽可能忠实地展现给公众。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">连续两个小时的演讲后,刘教授的嗓子已经沙哑,但他仍然与在座师生热切地交流。刘教授不仅一一回答了师生的提问,还忠告年轻的科学史研究者要多学点科学,要有大胸怀,这样才能有大格局与大气象。讲座在热烈的掌声中圆满结束。</span></p>
<p> <a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201605/073812_664056.3.jpeg.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201605/073812_664056.3.jpeg.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #555555; background: white;">【文</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: #555555; background: white;">/</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #555555; background: white;">訾威,图</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: #555555; background: white;">/</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #555555; background: white;">何涓】</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21.1pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主讲人简介:</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘钝,</span>1947<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年生于湖北武汉。现为清华大学社会科学学院特聘教授,中国科技大学人文社会科学学院院长,曾任中国科学院自然科学史研究所所长、中国科技史学会理事长、国际科学技术史学会主席。专业领域是中国数学史,对科学社会史、科学文化也有所涉猎。编撰有《大哉言数》、《文化一二三》等。</span></p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201605/074200_946101.lishixuanyan.jpg" /></p><p style="text-indent: 21pt;">2016<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span>5<span style="font-family: 宋体;">月</span>20<span style="font-family: 宋体;">日上午</span>9<span style="font-family: 宋体;">点</span>30<span style="font-family: 宋体;">分,伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs“科学与人文讲座”第</span>7<span style="font-family: 宋体;">期在中关村校区</span>S106<span style="font-family: 宋体;">教室如期举行。本次讲座特邀清华大学社会科学学院特聘教授、中国科技大学人文社会科学学院院长刘钝作了题为“《历史宣言》与启蒙的逻辑”的讲座,伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs的袁江洋教授主持了讲座。</span></p>
<p> <a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201605/073749_481922.1.jpeg.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201605/073749_481922.1.jpeg.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘教授首先介绍了《历史宣言》(</span>The History Manifesto<span style="font-family: 宋体;">)这本著作及其影响。</span>2014<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span>10<span style="font-family: 宋体;">月</span>3<span style="font-family: 宋体;">日,一份题为《历史宣言》的文档通过剑桥大学出版社公开上网。其作者是两位美国历史学家:布朗大学的古尔迪(</span>Joanna Guldi<span style="font-family: 宋体;">)与哈佛大学的阿米蒂奇(</span>David Armitage<span style="font-family: 宋体;">)。这是第一部先上网再付梓的编史学专著。作者们的宣传相当成功,该书一经上网就很快引起了西方史学界的热烈回应,但国内学者对该书的回应不够踊跃。</span></p>
<p> <a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201605/073836_348019.2.jpeg.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201605/073836_348019.2.jpeg.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘教授指出,《历史宣言》对于中国历史学家同样具有重大意义。始于上个世纪</span>70<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年代末的改革开放给中国带来了巨大的红利,在经济领域取得瞩目成就的同时,生态与文化建设的滞后、政治口号与社会现实的脱节、贪腐官员与百姓利益的冲突、行业与地区差异的拉大,种种潜伏的危机随时可能爆发并葬送中华民族复兴的希望。解决当今中国社会面临的巨大矛盾,不应仅仅听从政治学者和经济学家的意见,长时段大历史的经验需要引起决策者的足够重视,近代科学诞生与成长的历史更应成为庙堂人士的必修课业。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘教授分析,当前中国的现实情况是:一、经济学家漠视历史。其中的原因不可能从最近的</span>38<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年里找到,其深刻的根源需要追究到</span>200<span style="font-family: 宋体;">多年前的“大分流”。二、“反智论”源远流长。追究反智思潮的根源至少要从我们引以为豪的百家争鸣时代谈起,对至尊至上的怀疑在我们的文化中是缺位的,它与反智论的肆虐相形见绌,由此提供了群氓和奴才生长的土壤,对国民精神造成难以治愈的创伤,其危害远比战乱灾荒为烈。三、科技决策者的失据。科技界庙堂人士推出的“宣言”、“工程”、“计划”缺乏连续性,科学院的科技战略发展研究机构中没有历史学家,也没有一个像样的科技史研究者。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">“大历史”也受到了一些批评和质疑。刘教授认为,古尔迪和阿米蒂奇争辩的要点不是“长与短”的优劣,而是呼吁当代历史学家要有宽阔的视野和“究天人”与“通古今”的雄心,在政治决策与公共领域发挥积极作用,以期唤起公众对历史学的兴趣。他们对近几十年来历史学中出现碎片化、短视化、实用化倾向的担忧不无道理,以上“中国现实”(加上弄臣化、娱乐化)绝非空穴来风。他们珍视历史学的人文价值,强调历史学家的道义承担与风骨,认为大数据时代为新一代历史学家提供在国家重大政治、经济决策问题以及沟通民众上发挥作用的机会。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘教授以太史公为例,指出中国具有悠久的编史传统,中国编史学传统起点高贵。《史记》开创了将天文、历法、地理、音律、计量学、水利工程和经济史料包括在官修正史中的传统。竺可桢对中国五千年气候变化的研究、席泽宗对中国历史上新星与超新星记录的整理,就是早期中国科学史家利用长时段历史资料研究自然规律的代表成果。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">对于启蒙的逻辑,刘教授认为:历史是连续的,过去、现在与未来之间存在因果关系,不同的时空具有不同的文化特征。事实上,科学(技术)主导着今日的文化,伴随着近代科学的诞生西方世界发生了巨变,近代科学以及相应的变故都未曾在中国出现。中国的现代化需要理性启蒙,科学史特别是导致西方世界巨变的诸方面变故应该成为启蒙实践最重要的手段,科学史研究是科学文化建设的基础。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">最后,刘教授引据《历史宣言》,指出当代中国科学史工作者的一个重要责任,就是推进新文化建设,这种文化应该是与全球化和信息化的国际趋势相协调、与经济发展和社会进步的国情相一致的。特别地,我们应该把</span>16-19<span style="font-family: 宋体;">世纪在西方发生的那些围绕着科学革命与近代科学的诞生而出现的事件,那些导致人们不再盲目相信天启和权威的缘由、变故和动力,那些有益于新世界诞生的思想和制度,尽可能忠实地展现给公众。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">连续两个小时的演讲后,刘教授的嗓子已经沙哑,但他仍然与在座师生热切地交流。刘教授不仅一一回答了师生的提问,还忠告年轻的科学史研究者要多学点科学,要有大胸怀,这样才能有大格局与大气象。讲座在热烈的掌声中圆满结束。</span></p>
<p> <a href="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/2016/201605/073812_664056.3.jpeg.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/articles/_thumbs/2016/201605/073812_664056.3.jpeg.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /></a><span style="display: block; text-align: center;"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #555555; background: white;">【文</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: #555555; background: white;">/</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #555555; background: white;">訾威,图</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif; color: #555555; background: white;">/</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #555555; background: white;">何涓】</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21.1pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主讲人简介:</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘钝,</span>1947<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年生于湖北武汉。现为清华大学社会科学学院特聘教授,中国科技大学人文社会科学学院院长,曾任中国科学院自然科学史研究所所长、中国科技史学会理事长、国际科学技术史学会主席。专业领域是中国数学史,对科学社会史、科学文化也有所涉猎。编撰有《大哉言数》、《文化一二三》等。</span></p>
科学与人文讲座:认知科学中的哲学问题__从AlphaGo谈起
2016-04-01T23:04:24+08:00
2016-04-01T23:04:24+08:00
//www.yubeiwigs.com/index.php/xwbd/53572-alphago
何涓
wangguangchao@ihns.ac.cn
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/Photo/Topic/alphago4.jpg" /></p><p style="text-indent: 21pt;">2016<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span>4<span style="font-family: 宋体;">月</span>8<span style="font-family: 宋体;">日周五下午,伟德app官网下载安卓手机“科学与人文讲座”第</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体;">期在伟德客户端官网下载安装最新版本中关村校区成功举行。中国人民大学哲学院刘晓力教授为到场的伟德客户端官网下载安装最新版本师生做了题为“认知科学中的哲学问题——从</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">谈起”的讲座,伟德客户端官网下载安装最新版本yubeiwigs袁江洋教授主持了讲座。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘晓力教授从近期被公众热议的人工智能程序</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">战胜世界著名围棋选手李世乭的事件入手,讨论了以</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">为代表的人工智能的本质,以及它们与真正的人类意识之间的关系。刘教授指出,尽管</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">看上去已经在棋盘上胜过了人类,但这种胜利仍然只是强大的运算能力和信息处理能力的结果。</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">与人类棋手的本质区别在于,它不具备人类所具有的解释能力。对于</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">而言,一场棋局只不过是一系列的公式及其处理过程,它尽管能够赢得棋局,但并不能理解自己的胜利,从这个意义上说,</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">能够下围棋,但它根本不知道自己在干什么。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘教授形象地用武林高手与持枪者的对决进行类比。持枪者,尽管可以轻松地杀死一名人类的武林高手,但这并不意味着手枪的智力及其运用武术招式的能力已经胜过了武林高手,它仍然只是人类手中的一件工具。在这方面,</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">的处境与手枪是相似的。因此,尽管</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">的成功可以看作是人工智能研究领域的一大进步,但是相较于理想中的具有意识(</span>mind<span style="font-family: 宋体;">)的人工智能,这个进步几可忽略不计,人类探索真正意义上的人工智能的旅程仍然任重道远。</span></p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/Photo/kexueyurenwen/1H0A0404.JPG" alt="" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">从</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">的案例出发,刘教授进一步探讨了当前关于机器意识和人的意识研究中的一些前沿问题,并指出如何实现机器的自我意识依旧是人工智能领域中的重大难题。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">应袁江洋教授之请,刘教授还向到场师生介绍了近几十年来认知科学与认知哲学的主要议题与研究现状,并与同学们就相关问题进行了讨论。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘晓力教授博士毕业于北京大学科学技术哲学专业,历任内蒙古大学、北京师范大学教授,现为中国人民大学教授、博士生导师、现代逻辑与科学技术哲学研究所所长,兼任中国逻辑学会副会长、中国自然辩证法研究会科学哲学专业委员会理事长、数学哲学专业委员会主任、外国哲学学会分析哲学专业委员会委员,以及多家国内外学术期刊编委。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">“科学与人文讲座”是伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs主办的高级学术讲座。邀请国内外知名学者就科学技术史、科技哲学、科学社会学、科学传播、考古学和人类学等领域的学术前沿做报告,同时组织本学院教授报告研究进展,是yubeiwigs重要的学术园地和交流平台。讲座面向伟德客户端官网下载安装最新版本全体师生以及校内外相关学者,也是yubeiwigs博士研究生“学术前沿讲座”课程。</span></p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/Photo/Topic/alphago4.jpg" /></p><p style="text-indent: 21pt;">2016<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span>4<span style="font-family: 宋体;">月</span>8<span style="font-family: 宋体;">日周五下午,伟德app官网下载安卓手机“科学与人文讲座”第</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体;">期在伟德客户端官网下载安装最新版本中关村校区成功举行。中国人民大学哲学院刘晓力教授为到场的伟德客户端官网下载安装最新版本师生做了题为“认知科学中的哲学问题——从</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">谈起”的讲座,伟德客户端官网下载安装最新版本yubeiwigs袁江洋教授主持了讲座。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘晓力教授从近期被公众热议的人工智能程序</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">战胜世界著名围棋选手李世乭的事件入手,讨论了以</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">为代表的人工智能的本质,以及它们与真正的人类意识之间的关系。刘教授指出,尽管</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">看上去已经在棋盘上胜过了人类,但这种胜利仍然只是强大的运算能力和信息处理能力的结果。</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">与人类棋手的本质区别在于,它不具备人类所具有的解释能力。对于</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">而言,一场棋局只不过是一系列的公式及其处理过程,它尽管能够赢得棋局,但并不能理解自己的胜利,从这个意义上说,</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">能够下围棋,但它根本不知道自己在干什么。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘教授形象地用武林高手与持枪者的对决进行类比。持枪者,尽管可以轻松地杀死一名人类的武林高手,但这并不意味着手枪的智力及其运用武术招式的能力已经胜过了武林高手,它仍然只是人类手中的一件工具。在这方面,</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">的处境与手枪是相似的。因此,尽管</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">的成功可以看作是人工智能研究领域的一大进步,但是相较于理想中的具有意识(</span>mind<span style="font-family: 宋体;">)的人工智能,这个进步几可忽略不计,人类探索真正意义上的人工智能的旅程仍然任重道远。</span></p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/Photo/kexueyurenwen/1H0A0404.JPG" alt="" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">从</span>Alpha Go<span style="font-family: 宋体;">的案例出发,刘教授进一步探讨了当前关于机器意识和人的意识研究中的一些前沿问题,并指出如何实现机器的自我意识依旧是人工智能领域中的重大难题。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">应袁江洋教授之请,刘教授还向到场师生介绍了近几十年来认知科学与认知哲学的主要议题与研究现状,并与同学们就相关问题进行了讨论。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刘晓力教授博士毕业于北京大学科学技术哲学专业,历任内蒙古大学、北京师范大学教授,现为中国人民大学教授、博士生导师、现代逻辑与科学技术哲学研究所所长,兼任中国逻辑学会副会长、中国自然辩证法研究会科学哲学专业委员会理事长、数学哲学专业委员会主任、外国哲学学会分析哲学专业委员会委员,以及多家国内外学术期刊编委。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体;">“科学与人文讲座”是伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs主办的高级学术讲座。邀请国内外知名学者就科学技术史、科技哲学、科学社会学、科学传播、考古学和人类学等领域的学术前沿做报告,同时组织本学院教授报告研究进展,是yubeiwigs重要的学术园地和交流平台。讲座面向伟德客户端官网下载安装最新版本全体师生以及校内外相关学者,也是yubeiwigs博士研究生“学术前沿讲座”课程。</span></p>
朱墓村遗址植物资源的多样化与古植被分析
2016-03-23T23:06:52+08:00
2016-03-23T23:06:52+08:00
//www.yubeiwigs.com/index.php/xwbd/53549-2016-03-23-23-06-52
朱剑
wangguangchao@ihns.ac.cn
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/Photo/Topic/2016-3-24/zhumucunyizhi4.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">伟德app官网下载安卓手机考古学与人类学系蒋洪恩副教授的研究团队长期关注史前先民的植物选择与利用研究。</span>2013<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年来,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">江苏昆山朱墓村良渚文化遗址的发现与发掘为本研究提供了客观详实的材料。</span>2016<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span>2<span style="font-family: 宋体;">月</span>8<span style="font-family: 宋体;">日,研究</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">论文“新石器时代(良渚文化时期)中国华东地区考古遗址植物性食物资源多样化”(</span>Archaeobotanical analysis of diverse plant food resources and palaeovegetation at the Zhumucun site, a late Neolithic settlement of the Liangzhu Culture in East China<span style="font-family: 宋体;">)于</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">国际</span>SCI<span style="font-family: 宋体;">收录期刊《</span>Quaternary International<span style="font-family: 宋体;">》在</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">线发表</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">以往良渚文化时期的植物考古工作并不多见,而且学界比较关注稻作农业研究,对该阶段植物性食物资源的关注不多。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">学界对于河姆渡文化时期的田螺山遗址做了系统的植物考古工作,恢复了该阶段植物性食物资源的一般情况。该研究成果可与朱墓村遗址的植物性食物资源情况做历时性比较分析。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">课题组采用</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">多种技术手段(浮选、解剖学、形态观测、植硅体等)对朱墓村遗址开展了系统的植物考古分析。浮选得到的植物遗存指示暖湿的湿地景观和以水稻栽培为主的生计策略。水稻是发现的唯一粮食作物,其生长的介质——水田也被考古发掘揭示出来;同时,瓜果类(如甜瓜)可能被先民栽培。此外,部分蓼属植物可能被先民用作蔬菜。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">本研究</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为探讨太湖流域稻作农业发展注入了新材料,丰富了我们对良渚文化时期以水稻为主体的生业经济的认识。然而,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">朱墓村遗址属于一般性聚落,尚需积累良渚文化时期不同等级聚落的植物考古研究、做共时性比较分析,以深化我们对于良渚文化植物性食物资源的选择与利用情况的认识。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">本研究得到了中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">长江三角洲-陆架地区稻作农业起源与传播</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span>XDA05130501<span style="font-family: 宋体;">)基金支持。</span></p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/Photo/Topic/2016-3-24/zhumucunyizhi6.jpg" alt="" postion="top" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">A, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">朱墓村遗址出土的炭化稻壳</span>; B, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">炭化稻壳的扫描电镜照片</span>; C-F, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">遗址中提取的水稻植硅体</span>; C, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">来自稻壳的水稻双峰硅化骨架(如</span>B<span style="font-family: 宋体;">白色箭头所示)</span>; D, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">水稻双峰型植硅体侧面</span>; E, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">来自稻秆的横排哑铃型植硅体</span>; F, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">来自稻叶的水稻扇型植硅体</span>. <span style="font-family: 宋体;">比例尺</span>: A, 2 mm; B, 400 μm; C, E, 40 μm; D,F, 20 μm.</p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/Photo/Topic/2016-3-24/zhumucunyizhioriginal1.jpg" alt="" postion="top" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">A, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">甜瓜</span>(<em>Cucumis melo</em>), <span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面细密条纹</span>; B, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">猕猴桃</span>(<em>Actinidia chinensis</em>), <span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面深蜂窝状纹饰</span>; C, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">酸浆属</span>(<em>Physalis</em> sp.), <span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面细脊状纹饰</span>; D, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">马㼎儿</span>(<em>Zehneria indica</em>), <span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面浅方格纹</span>; E, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">红蓼</span> (<em>Polygonum orientale</em>), <span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面浅蜂窝状纹饰</span>; F, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">酸模叶蓼</span>(<em>Polygonum lapathifolium</em>), <span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面光滑</span>. <span style="font-family: 宋体;">比例尺</span>: A-E, 800 μm; F, 400 μm.</p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/Photo/Topic/2016-3-24/table.png" alt="" postion="top" /></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">图</span>3. <span style="font-family: 宋体;">田螺山遗址和朱墓村遗址几种主要植物性食物的出土概率和标准密度比较</span></p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/Photo/Topic/2016-3-24/zhumucunyizhi4.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">伟德app官网下载安卓手机考古学与人类学系蒋洪恩副教授的研究团队长期关注史前先民的植物选择与利用研究。</span>2013<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年来,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">江苏昆山朱墓村良渚文化遗址的发现与发掘为本研究提供了客观详实的材料。</span>2016<span style="font-family: 宋体;">年</span>2<span style="font-family: 宋体;">月</span>8<span style="font-family: 宋体;">日,研究</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">论文“新石器时代(良渚文化时期)中国华东地区考古遗址植物性食物资源多样化”(</span>Archaeobotanical analysis of diverse plant food resources and palaeovegetation at the Zhumucun site, a late Neolithic settlement of the Liangzhu Culture in East China<span style="font-family: 宋体;">)于</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">国际</span>SCI<span style="font-family: 宋体;">收录期刊《</span>Quaternary International<span style="font-family: 宋体;">》在</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">线发表</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">以往良渚文化时期的植物考古工作并不多见,而且学界比较关注稻作农业研究,对该阶段植物性食物资源的关注不多。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">学界对于河姆渡文化时期的田螺山遗址做了系统的植物考古工作,恢复了该阶段植物性食物资源的一般情况。该研究成果可与朱墓村遗址的植物性食物资源情况做历时性比较分析。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">课题组采用</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">多种技术手段(浮选、解剖学、形态观测、植硅体等)对朱墓村遗址开展了系统的植物考古分析。浮选得到的植物遗存指示暖湿的湿地景观和以水稻栽培为主的生计策略。水稻是发现的唯一粮食作物,其生长的介质——水田也被考古发掘揭示出来;同时,瓜果类(如甜瓜)可能被先民栽培。此外,部分蓼属植物可能被先民用作蔬菜。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">本研究</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为探讨太湖流域稻作农业发展注入了新材料,丰富了我们对良渚文化时期以水稻为主体的生业经济的认识。然而,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">朱墓村遗址属于一般性聚落,尚需积累良渚文化时期不同等级聚落的植物考古研究、做共时性比较分析,以深化我们对于良渚文化植物性食物资源的选择与利用情况的认识。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">本研究得到了中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">长江三角洲-陆架地区稻作农业起源与传播</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span>XDA05130501<span style="font-family: 宋体;">)基金支持。</span></p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/Photo/Topic/2016-3-24/zhumucunyizhi6.jpg" alt="" postion="top" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">A, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">朱墓村遗址出土的炭化稻壳</span>; B, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">炭化稻壳的扫描电镜照片</span>; C-F, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">遗址中提取的水稻植硅体</span>; C, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">来自稻壳的水稻双峰硅化骨架(如</span>B<span style="font-family: 宋体;">白色箭头所示)</span>; D, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">水稻双峰型植硅体侧面</span>; E, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">来自稻秆的横排哑铃型植硅体</span>; F, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">来自稻叶的水稻扇型植硅体</span>. <span style="font-family: 宋体;">比例尺</span>: A, 2 mm; B, 400 μm; C, E, 40 μm; D,F, 20 μm.</p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/Photo/Topic/2016-3-24/zhumucunyizhioriginal1.jpg" alt="" postion="top" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">A, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">甜瓜</span>(<em>Cucumis melo</em>), <span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面细密条纹</span>; B, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">猕猴桃</span>(<em>Actinidia chinensis</em>), <span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面深蜂窝状纹饰</span>; C, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">酸浆属</span>(<em>Physalis</em> sp.), <span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面细脊状纹饰</span>; D, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">马㼎儿</span>(<em>Zehneria indica</em>), <span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面浅方格纹</span>; E, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">红蓼</span> (<em>Polygonum orientale</em>), <span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面浅蜂窝状纹饰</span>; F, <span style="font-family: 宋体;">酸模叶蓼</span>(<em>Polygonum lapathifolium</em>), <span style="font-family: 宋体;">表面光滑</span>. <span style="font-family: 宋体;">比例尺</span>: A-E, 800 μm; F, 400 μm.</p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/Photo/Topic/2016-3-24/table.png" alt="" postion="top" /></p>
<p style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">图</span>3. <span style="font-family: 宋体;">田螺山遗址和朱墓村遗址几种主要植物性食物的出土概率和标准密度比较</span></p>
丝绸之路上的科技与文明
2016-02-03T02:47:17+08:00
2016-02-03T02:47:17+08:00
//www.yubeiwigs.com/index.php/xwbd/53356-2016-02-03-02-47-17
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/sys/image0012.jpg" /></p><p style="text-indent: 35pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">丝绸之路是世界文明交流和思想与文化交互作用的象征。全球化时代,具有不同文化背景、来自不同地域、使用不同语言的人们之间的关系比历史上任何时期都紧密,丝绸之路的遗产尤显重要。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">科学与技术在当今社会发挥主要的作用,但是人文可以提供世界上不同文化之间的相互理解,有利于促进跨文化的交流与合作。打破学科壁垒,面向多样化的世界文化,非常必要。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 35pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">2015</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">年</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">12</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">月</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">10-11</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">日,“丝绸之路上的科学与文化国际学术研讨会</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">” </span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">在北京召开。会议由联合国教科文组织(</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">UNESCO</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)、国际哲学与人文科学理事会(</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">CIPSH</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)、国际科技史与科技哲学联盟科学技术史分会(</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">IUHPST/DHST</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)、世界人文大会(</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">WCH</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)联合主办,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs、中国科学技术史学会、中国社会科学院民族文学研究所承办。会议有两重目标:沟通科学与人文;沟通丝绸之路上国家和地区、乃至世界各国之间学者的交流,培育不同文化之间的相互理解。来自</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">10</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">多个国家的</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">60</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">多位学者参加了会议。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">会议主题包括:</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)天文丝绸之路:欧亚天文学交流;</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)文学、艺术、农业和地理;</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> 3</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)科学与宗教;</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> 4</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)认知之道:古文明中的科学推理;</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> 5</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)考古学与人类学。具体内容见<span style="color: red;">会议手册</span>。</span> </p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: center; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: 23pt;"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/Photo/1.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: center; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: 23pt;">与会学者合影</p>
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<p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Science and Civilization on the Silk Roads</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-indent: 35pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Silk Roads symbolize communication between civilizations and interaction of ideas and cultures across the world. The legacy of the Silk Roads is particularly relevant in our age of globalization, when people of many different cultures, regions and languages are in close contact more than ever before. While science and technology play a dominant role in our modern society, the humanities provide understanding of cultural diversities of our world that will help promote communication and collaboration across cultures. It is necessary to break off the rigid boundaries that often keep our disciplines apart from each other, and to open them to the plurality of world cultures. </span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The International Conference on Science and Civilization on the Silk Roads (ICSCSR) was hold in Beijing on 10-11 December 2015. The Conference was sponsored by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), International Council for Philosophy and Human Sciences (CIPSH), International Union of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology/Division of History of Science and Technology (IUHPST/DHST), and World Humanities Conference (WHC); and was hosted by</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">School of Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (SH-UCAS), Chinese Society for the History of Science and Technology (CSHST), and Institute of Ethnic Literature (IEL), Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). The Conference has its twofold goals: to bring science and humanities together; and to bring people together in order to foster a mutual understanding of the diverse and often inter-related cultures. More than 60 distinguished scholars from around the world, including countries along the Silk Roads, participated in the Conference. The themes of the conference include: 1) The Astronomical “Silk Road”: Astronomy across Eurasia; 2) Literature, Art, Agriculture and Cartography; 3) Science and Religion; 4) Ways of Knowing: Scientific Reasoning in Ancient Civilizations; 5)Archaeology and Anthropology. For details, see Conference Program. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 32.15pt;"><strong><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 16pt;">ORGANIZATION</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Sponsors:</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">United Nations</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">International</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Council of Philosophy and Human Sciences (CIPSH)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">International</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Union of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology/ Division of History</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">of Science and Technology (IUHPST/DHST)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">World Humanities</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Conference (WHC)</span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Organizers:</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Chinese Society</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">for the History of Science and Technology (CSHST)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Institute of</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Ethnic Literature, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (IEL CASS)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">School of</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><strong>Scientific Organizing Committee (SOC):</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">BENVENUTI, Piero<span style="color: black;"> (Italy); CHAO, Gejin (China)<strong>(Chair)</strong>; CORMACK, Lesley (Canada); FUNG, Kam-Wing (Hong Kong, China); </span>HALLEUX, Robert (Belgium); <span style="color: black;">JAMI, Catherine (France); </span>KALLINEN, Maija (Finland); <span style="color: black;">LEE, Eun Hee (Korea); LIU, Dun (China); MICKAELIAN, Areg M. (Armenia); NICOLAIDIS, Efthymios (Greece)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体;">;</span><span style="color: black;">OOSTERBEEK, Luiz (Portugal); </span>OSBORNE, Michael (USA); <span style="color: black;">RAMASUBRAMANIAN, Krishnamurthi (India); SAMASSEKOU, Adama (Mali); SHI, Yunli (China); SUN, Xiaochun (China); TOGAN, Isenbike (Turkey); </span>WANG, Siming (China); </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">ZHANG, Daqing (China).</span> </span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Local Organizing Committee (LOC)</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">CHAO, Gejin (朝戈金);LU,Dalong (鲁大龙); SUN, Xiaochun (孙小淳) (Chair); XIE, Yong (谢勇);WANG,Guangchao (王广超);WANG, Na (王娜);ZHANG,Daqing (张大庆);ZHAO, Gang (赵刚);ZHU,Jin (朱进).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><strong>Secretariat</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">LI, Weixia (李伟霞); LIU, Weimo (刘未沫)(Secretary);YAO,Hui (姚慧);XIAO, Yao (肖尧);XUN,Furu (荀福如)</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 24pt;">CONFERENCE PROGRAMME</span></strong></p>
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<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 16pt;">December 10, Thursday</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 16pt;">International Conference on </span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 16pt;">Science and Civilization on the Silk Roads </span></strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16pt;">(嘉宾楼第一会议室,</span></strong><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 16pt;">No.1 Meeting Room, Building 8</span></strong><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16pt;">)</span></strong></p>
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<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 15pt;">Opening Ceremony</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">09:00-09:45</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Chair: </span></strong><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">CHAO Gejin</span></strong></p>
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<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 28.5pt;">09:00-09:10</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 28.5pt;"><strong>Speech 1: </strong>Official from UNESCO <em></em></td>
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<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 22.7pt;">09:10-09:20</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 22.7pt;"><strong>Speech 2: </strong>Officials from CASS, CAS and CAST<em></em></td>
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<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 22.7pt;">09:20-09:30</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 22.7pt;"><strong>Speech 3: </strong>Welcome remarks by SUN Xiaochun, Chair of LOC<em></em></td>
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<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">09:30-09:45</span></td>
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Group Picture & Coffee Break</span></strong></td>
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<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Session 1: The Astronomical “Silk Road”: Astronomy across Eurasia</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">09:45-12:15</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Chair: OOSTERBEEK,</span></strong><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Luiz</span></strong></p>
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<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">09:45-10:15</td>
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<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>SHI, Yunli (China)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;">The Dissemination and Influence of Arabic Astronomy in the China from 13th to 17th Centuries.</p>
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<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">10:15-10:45</td>
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<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>NICOLAIDIS, Efthymios (Greece)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt;">The Trebizond-Tabriz Caravan and the Influence of the School of Maragha on Byzantine Astronomy.</p>
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<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">10:45-11:15</td>
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<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>MICKAELIAN, Areg M. (Armenia)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt;">History of Astronomy in Armenia and its Traces in the Cultural Heritage.</p>
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<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">11:15-11:45</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>LEE, Eun Hee (Korea)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt;">Transmission and Adaptation of the Chinese-Islamic Calendar System in the 15th Century Korea.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">11:45-12:15</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>SUN, Xiaochun and YANG, Fan (China)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt;">Equatorial or Ecliptic? A Comparative Study of the Guo Shoujing Catalogue and the Ulugh Beg Catalogue.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 43.05pt;">
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 43.05pt;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">12:15-13:30</span></td>
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 43.05pt;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Lunch Break </span></strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">(</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">友谊宫餐厅</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;"> Friendship Palace Restaurant</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;">
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Session 2: Literature, Medicine, Agriculture and Cartography</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">14:00-16:30</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Chair: JAMI, Catherine</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 63.85pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 63.85pt;">13:30-14:00</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 63.85pt;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>JUMAATURDU, Adil (China)</strong></p>
<p style="text-indent: 0cm;">Multi-ethnic Literature on the Silk Roads -- From the Perspective of Cross-border Ethnic Literature in Xinjiang and Central Asia.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 42.4pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 42.4pt;">14:00-14:30</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 42.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>WANG, Siming (China) </strong></p>
<p style="text-indent: 0cm;">The Silk Roads and Agricultural Exchanges Between China and Abroad.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 51.5pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 51.5pt;">14:30-15:00</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 51.5pt;" valign="top">
<p style="text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>SU, Jingjing, & ZHANG, Daqing (China)</strong></p>
<p style="text-indent: 0cm;">The History of China’s Medical and Health Aid.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 38.9pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 38.9pt;">15:00-15:30</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 38.9pt;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>BRADLEY, David (Australia)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="color: black;">Linguistic History of Animals and Crops from the Ancient Silk Road.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 52.2pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 52.2pt;">15:30-16:00</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 52.2pt;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>CABOARA, Marco (Italy)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Cartography of Eastern Central Asia from the 16th to the 18th Century.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1cm;">
<td style="background: #e6e6e6; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">16:00-16:15</span></td>
<td style="background: #e6e6e6; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Coffee Break</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 67.15pt;">
<td colspan="2" style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 67.15pt;">
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Session 3: Science and Religion</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">16:45-17:45</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Chair: SHI, Yunli</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 51.15pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 51.15pt;">16:15-16:45</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 51.15pt;">
<p style="text-align: left; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>MORAN, Dermot (UK)</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;">The Discovery of the Infinite in Western Thought in the Middle Ages.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 55.7pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 55.7pt;">16:45-17:15</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 55.7pt;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>KALDIS, Byron (Greece) </strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="color: black;">Scientific Reasoning, the Supernatural and Religion in Ancient Greek Civilization.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 57.2pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 57.2pt;">17:15-17:45</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 57.2pt;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>FARMANYAN, Sona, V. (Armenia)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Earth and Sun in Ancient Armenia and its Impact on the World Cultures.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 33.35pt;">
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 33.35pt;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">17:45-20:00</span></td>
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 33.35pt;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Buffet Dinner </span></strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">(</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">友谊宫餐厅</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Friendship Palace Restaurant</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 101.5pt;">
<td colspan="2" style="background: #8c8c8c; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 101.5pt;">
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 16pt;">December 11, Friday</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 16pt;">International Conference on </span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 16pt;">Science and Civilization on the Silk Roads </span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16pt;">(嘉宾楼第一会议室,</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt;">No.1 Meeting Room, Building 8</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16pt;">)</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 66.75pt;">
<td colspan="2" style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 66.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Session 4: Ways of knowing and Circulation of Knowledge</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">8:30-12:00</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Chair: NICOLAIDIS, Efthymios</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">08:30-09:00</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>MOUSSA-IYE, Ali (UNESCO)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;">UNESCO’s Experience in Understanding and Promoting Intercultural Exchanges Along the Silk Roads.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">09:00-9:30<em></em></td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>JAMI, Catherine (France) </strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;">Knowledge Circulation across East Asia in the Early Modern Period: Continental and Maritime Routes.<em></em></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 77.35pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 77.35pt;">09:30-10:00</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 77.35pt;">
<p style="text-align: left; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>RAMASUBRAMANIAN, Krishnamurthi & MELNAD, Keshav (India)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="color: black;">Exchange of Astronomical and Mathematical Ideas between India and China.</span><em></em></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 49.2pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 49.2pt;">10:00-10:30</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 49.2pt;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>CAREY, Christopher (UK)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;">Ethics and Fabrics.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">10:30-11:00</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>LIU, Weimo (China)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;">Aristotle’s Doctrine of Comets in the <em>Meteorology </em>and its Reception and Transformation in <em>Ming</em> China.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">11:00-11:30</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>FUNG, Kam-Wing (China)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Nestorianism and the Transmission of Hellenistic-Roman Astrolabe in Late Mediaeval China.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 71.5pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 71.5pt;">11:30-12:00</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 71.5pt;">
<p style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>Book Launch</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0cm;"><em>Shanhaijing</em> World Geography and Ancient Chinese Civilization.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1cm;">
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">12:00-14:00</span></td>
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Lunch Break</span></strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;"> (</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">友谊宫餐厅</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;"> Friendship Palace Restaurant</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 59.6pt;">
<td colspan="2" style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 59.6pt;">
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Session 5: Archaeology and Anthropology</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">14:00-16:00</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Chair: OSBORNE, Michael A</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">14:00-14:30</td>
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>OOSTERBEEK, Luiz (Portugal)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;">The Silk Road at the Dawn of Portuguese Scientific Archaeology</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 59.2pt;">
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 59.2pt;">14:30-15:00</td>
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 59.2pt;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>ZHANG, Jijiao (China)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Cultural Preservation and Urban Development on the Silk Roads: Case Studies of Anthropology</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 61.3pt;">
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 61.3pt;">15:00-15:30</td>
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 61.3pt;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>HOU, Yamei (China)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Before the “Silk Road”: A Hypothesis of the “Lithic Road” in Paleolithic Archaeology.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">15:30-16:00</td>
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>TOGAN, Isenbike (Turkey)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;">An Anthropological Approach Form the Two Ends of the Silk Road: Du You and Rashid al-Din.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1cm;">
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">16:00-16:15</span></td>
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Coffee Break</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;">
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Section 6: Discussions</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">16:15-18:00</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Chair: Sun Xiaochun</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 58.2pt;">
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 58.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">15:45-18:00</span></td>
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 58.2pt;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The World Humanities Conference</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">International Society for Science and Civilization on the Silk Roads, a proposal</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 33.7pt;">
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 33.7pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">18:00-20:00</span></td>
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 33.7pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Buffet Dinner</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">(友谊宫餐厅</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Friendship Palace Restaurant)</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/sys/image0012.jpg" /></p><p style="text-indent: 35pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">丝绸之路是世界文明交流和思想与文化交互作用的象征。全球化时代,具有不同文化背景、来自不同地域、使用不同语言的人们之间的关系比历史上任何时期都紧密,丝绸之路的遗产尤显重要。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">科学与技术在当今社会发挥主要的作用,但是人文可以提供世界上不同文化之间的相互理解,有利于促进跨文化的交流与合作。打破学科壁垒,面向多样化的世界文化,非常必要。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 35pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">2015</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">年</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">12</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">月</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">10-11</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">日,“丝绸之路上的科学与文化国际学术研讨会</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">” </span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">在北京召开。会议由联合国教科文组织(</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">UNESCO</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)、国际哲学与人文科学理事会(</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">CIPSH</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)、国际科技史与科技哲学联盟科学技术史分会(</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">IUHPST/DHST</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)、世界人文大会(</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">WCH</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)联合主办,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs、中国科学技术史学会、中国社会科学院民族文学研究所承办。会议有两重目标:沟通科学与人文;沟通丝绸之路上国家和地区、乃至世界各国之间学者的交流,培育不同文化之间的相互理解。来自</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">10</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">多个国家的</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">60</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">多位学者参加了会议。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">会议主题包括:</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)天文丝绸之路:欧亚天文学交流;</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)文学、艺术、农业和地理;</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> 3</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)科学与宗教;</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> 4</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)认知之道:古文明中的科学推理;</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> 5</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)考古学与人类学。具体内容见<span style="color: red;">会议手册</span>。</span> </p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: center; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: 23pt;"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/Photo/1.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: center; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: 23pt;">与会学者合影</p>
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<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Science and Civilization on the Silk Roads</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-indent: 35pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Silk Roads symbolize communication between civilizations and interaction of ideas and cultures across the world. The legacy of the Silk Roads is particularly relevant in our age of globalization, when people of many different cultures, regions and languages are in close contact more than ever before. While science and technology play a dominant role in our modern society, the humanities provide understanding of cultural diversities of our world that will help promote communication and collaboration across cultures. It is necessary to break off the rigid boundaries that often keep our disciplines apart from each other, and to open them to the plurality of world cultures. </span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 28pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The International Conference on Science and Civilization on the Silk Roads (ICSCSR) was hold in Beijing on 10-11 December 2015. The Conference was sponsored by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), International Council for Philosophy and Human Sciences (CIPSH), International Union of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology/Division of History of Science and Technology (IUHPST/DHST), and World Humanities Conference (WHC); and was hosted by</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;">School of Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (SH-UCAS), Chinese Society for the History of Science and Technology (CSHST), and Institute of Ethnic Literature (IEL), Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). The Conference has its twofold goals: to bring science and humanities together; and to bring people together in order to foster a mutual understanding of the diverse and often inter-related cultures. More than 60 distinguished scholars from around the world, including countries along the Silk Roads, participated in the Conference. The themes of the conference include: 1) The Astronomical “Silk Road”: Astronomy across Eurasia; 2) Literature, Art, Agriculture and Cartography; 3) Science and Religion; 4) Ways of Knowing: Scientific Reasoning in Ancient Civilizations; 5)Archaeology and Anthropology. For details, see Conference Program. </span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 32.15pt;"><strong><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 16pt;">ORGANIZATION</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Sponsors:</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">United Nations</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">International</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Council of Philosophy and Human Sciences (CIPSH)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">International</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Union of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology/ Division of History</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">of Science and Technology (IUHPST/DHST)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">World Humanities</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Conference (WHC)</span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Organizers:</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Chinese Society</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">for the History of Science and Technology (CSHST)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Institute of</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Ethnic Literature, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (IEL CASS)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">School of</span><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Humanities, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><strong>Scientific Organizing Committee (SOC):</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">BENVENUTI, Piero<span style="color: black;"> (Italy); CHAO, Gejin (China)<strong>(Chair)</strong>; CORMACK, Lesley (Canada); FUNG, Kam-Wing (Hong Kong, China); </span>HALLEUX, Robert (Belgium); <span style="color: black;">JAMI, Catherine (France); </span>KALLINEN, Maija (Finland); <span style="color: black;">LEE, Eun Hee (Korea); LIU, Dun (China); MICKAELIAN, Areg M. (Armenia); NICOLAIDIS, Efthymios (Greece)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体;">;</span><span style="color: black;">OOSTERBEEK, Luiz (Portugal); </span>OSBORNE, Michael (USA); <span style="color: black;">RAMASUBRAMANIAN, Krishnamurthi (India); SAMASSEKOU, Adama (Mali); SHI, Yunli (China); SUN, Xiaochun (China); TOGAN, Isenbike (Turkey); </span>WANG, Siming (China); </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">ZHANG, Daqing (China).</span> </span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Local Organizing Committee (LOC)</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">CHAO, Gejin (朝戈金);LU,Dalong (鲁大龙); SUN, Xiaochun (孙小淳) (Chair); XIE, Yong (谢勇);WANG,Guangchao (王广超);WANG, Na (王娜);ZHANG,Daqing (张大庆);ZHAO, Gang (赵刚);ZHU,Jin (朱进).</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><strong>Secretariat</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">LI, Weixia (李伟霞); LIU, Weimo (刘未沫)(Secretary);YAO,Hui (姚慧);XIAO, Yao (肖尧);XUN,Furu (荀福如)</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="line-height: 150%; font-size: 24pt;">CONFERENCE PROGRAMME</span></strong></p>
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<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 16pt;">December 10, Thursday</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 16pt;">International Conference on </span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 16pt;">Science and Civilization on the Silk Roads </span></strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16pt;">(嘉宾楼第一会议室,</span></strong><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 16pt;">No.1 Meeting Room, Building 8</span></strong><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16pt;">)</span></strong></p>
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<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 15pt;">Opening Ceremony</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">09:00-09:45</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Chair: </span></strong><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">CHAO Gejin</span></strong></p>
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<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 28.5pt;">09:00-09:10</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 28.5pt;"><strong>Speech 1: </strong>Official from UNESCO <em></em></td>
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<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 22.7pt;">09:10-09:20</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 22.7pt;"><strong>Speech 2: </strong>Officials from CASS, CAS and CAST<em></em></td>
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<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 22.7pt;">09:20-09:30</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 22.7pt;"><strong>Speech 3: </strong>Welcome remarks by SUN Xiaochun, Chair of LOC<em></em></td>
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<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">09:30-09:45</span></td>
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Group Picture & Coffee Break</span></strong></td>
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<td colspan="2" style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;">
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Session 1: The Astronomical “Silk Road”: Astronomy across Eurasia</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">09:45-12:15</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Chair: OOSTERBEEK,</span></strong><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Luiz</span></strong></p>
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<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">09:45-10:15</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>SHI, Yunli (China)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;">The Dissemination and Influence of Arabic Astronomy in the China from 13th to 17th Centuries.</p>
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<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">10:15-10:45</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>NICOLAIDIS, Efthymios (Greece)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt;">The Trebizond-Tabriz Caravan and the Influence of the School of Maragha on Byzantine Astronomy.</p>
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<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">10:45-11:15</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>MICKAELIAN, Areg M. (Armenia)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt;">History of Astronomy in Armenia and its Traces in the Cultural Heritage.</p>
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<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">11:15-11:45</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>LEE, Eun Hee (Korea)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt;">Transmission and Adaptation of the Chinese-Islamic Calendar System in the 15th Century Korea.</p>
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<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">11:45-12:15</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>SUN, Xiaochun and YANG, Fan (China)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt;">Equatorial or Ecliptic? A Comparative Study of the Guo Shoujing Catalogue and the Ulugh Beg Catalogue.</p>
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<tr style="height: 43.05pt;">
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 43.05pt;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">12:15-13:30</span></td>
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 43.05pt;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Lunch Break </span></strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">(</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">友谊宫餐厅</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;"> Friendship Palace Restaurant</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)</span></td>
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<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Session 2: Literature, Medicine, Agriculture and Cartography</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">14:00-16:30</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Chair: JAMI, Catherine</span></strong></p>
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<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 63.85pt;">13:30-14:00</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 63.85pt;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>JUMAATURDU, Adil (China)</strong></p>
<p style="text-indent: 0cm;">Multi-ethnic Literature on the Silk Roads -- From the Perspective of Cross-border Ethnic Literature in Xinjiang and Central Asia.</p>
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<tr style="height: 42.4pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 42.4pt;">14:00-14:30</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 42.4pt;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>WANG, Siming (China) </strong></p>
<p style="text-indent: 0cm;">The Silk Roads and Agricultural Exchanges Between China and Abroad.</p>
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<tr style="height: 51.5pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 51.5pt;">14:30-15:00</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 51.5pt;" valign="top">
<p style="text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>SU, Jingjing, & ZHANG, Daqing (China)</strong></p>
<p style="text-indent: 0cm;">The History of China’s Medical and Health Aid.</p>
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<tr style="height: 38.9pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 38.9pt;">15:00-15:30</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 38.9pt;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>BRADLEY, David (Australia)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="color: black;">Linguistic History of Animals and Crops from the Ancient Silk Road.</span></p>
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<tr style="height: 52.2pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 52.2pt;">15:30-16:00</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 52.2pt;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>CABOARA, Marco (Italy)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Cartography of Eastern Central Asia from the 16th to the 18th Century.</p>
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<tr style="height: 1cm;">
<td style="background: #e6e6e6; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">16:00-16:15</span></td>
<td style="background: #e6e6e6; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Coffee Break</span></strong></td>
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<td colspan="2" style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 67.15pt;">
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Session 3: Science and Religion</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">16:45-17:45</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Chair: SHI, Yunli</span></strong></p>
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<tr style="height: 51.15pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 51.15pt;">16:15-16:45</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 51.15pt;">
<p style="text-align: left; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>MORAN, Dermot (UK)</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;">The Discovery of the Infinite in Western Thought in the Middle Ages.</p>
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<tr style="height: 55.7pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 55.7pt;">16:45-17:15</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 55.7pt;" valign="top">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>KALDIS, Byron (Greece) </strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="color: black;">Scientific Reasoning, the Supernatural and Religion in Ancient Greek Civilization.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 57.2pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 57.2pt;">17:15-17:45</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 57.2pt;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>FARMANYAN, Sona, V. (Armenia)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Earth and Sun in Ancient Armenia and its Impact on the World Cultures.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 33.35pt;">
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 33.35pt;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">17:45-20:00</span></td>
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 33.35pt;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Buffet Dinner </span></strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">(</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">友谊宫餐厅</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Friendship Palace Restaurant</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 101.5pt;">
<td colspan="2" style="background: #8c8c8c; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 101.5pt;">
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 16pt;">December 11, Friday</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 16pt;">International Conference on </span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 16pt;">Science and Civilization on the Silk Roads </span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16pt;">(嘉宾楼第一会议室,</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt;">No.1 Meeting Room, Building 8</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16pt;">)</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 66.75pt;">
<td colspan="2" style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 66.75pt;">
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Session 4: Ways of knowing and Circulation of Knowledge</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 115%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">8:30-12:00</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Chair: NICOLAIDIS, Efthymios</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">08:30-09:00</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>MOUSSA-IYE, Ali (UNESCO)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;">UNESCO’s Experience in Understanding and Promoting Intercultural Exchanges Along the Silk Roads.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">09:00-9:30<em></em></td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>JAMI, Catherine (France) </strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;">Knowledge Circulation across East Asia in the Early Modern Period: Continental and Maritime Routes.<em></em></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 77.35pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 77.35pt;">09:30-10:00</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 77.35pt;">
<p style="text-align: left; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>RAMASUBRAMANIAN, Krishnamurthi & MELNAD, Keshav (India)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="color: black;">Exchange of Astronomical and Mathematical Ideas between India and China.</span><em></em></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 49.2pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 49.2pt;">10:00-10:30</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 49.2pt;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>CAREY, Christopher (UK)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;">Ethics and Fabrics.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">10:30-11:00</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>LIU, Weimo (China)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;">Aristotle’s Doctrine of Comets in the <em>Meteorology </em>and its Reception and Transformation in <em>Ming</em> China.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">11:00-11:30</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>FUNG, Kam-Wing (China)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Nestorianism and the Transmission of Hellenistic-Roman Astrolabe in Late Mediaeval China.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 71.5pt;">
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 71.5pt;">11:30-12:00</td>
<td style="border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 71.5pt;">
<p style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>Book Launch</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0cm;"><em>Shanhaijing</em> World Geography and Ancient Chinese Civilization.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1cm;">
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">12:00-14:00</span></td>
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Lunch Break</span></strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;"> (</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">友谊宫餐厅</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;"> Friendship Palace Restaurant</span><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 59.6pt;">
<td colspan="2" style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 59.6pt;">
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Session 5: Archaeology and Anthropology</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">14:00-16:00</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Chair: OSBORNE, Michael A</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">14:00-14:30</td>
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>OOSTERBEEK, Luiz (Portugal)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;">The Silk Road at the Dawn of Portuguese Scientific Archaeology</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 59.2pt;">
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 59.2pt;">14:30-15:00</td>
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 59.2pt;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>ZHANG, Jijiao (China)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Cultural Preservation and Urban Development on the Silk Roads: Case Studies of Anthropology</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 61.3pt;">
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 61.3pt;">15:00-15:30</td>
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 61.3pt;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>HOU, Yamei (China)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Before the “Silk Road”: A Hypothesis of the “Lithic Road” in Paleolithic Archaeology.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 2cm;">
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">15:30-16:00</td>
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 2cm;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong>TOGAN, Isenbike (Turkey)</strong></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;">An Anthropological Approach Form the Two Ends of the Silk Road: Du You and Rashid al-Din.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 1cm;">
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">16:00-16:15</span></td>
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 1cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 115%; font-size: 14pt;">Coffee Break</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;">
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Section 6: Discussions</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">16:15-18:00</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 120%; text-indent: 0cm;"><strong><span style="line-height: 120%; font-size: 14pt;">Chair: Sun Xiaochun</span></strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 58.2pt;">
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 58.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">15:45-18:00</span></td>
<td style="background: white; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 58.2pt;">
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The World Humanities Conference</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">International Society for Science and Civilization on the Silk Roads, a proposal</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 33.7pt;">
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 33.7pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">18:00-20:00</span></td>
<td style="background: #d9d9d9; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 33.7pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Buffet Dinner</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14pt;">(友谊宫餐厅</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Friendship Palace Restaurant)</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p style="text-align: center;"> </p>
人类生活考古学: 用心绘红妆
2015-12-04T08:40:51+08:00
2015-12-04T08:40:51+08:00
//www.yubeiwigs.com/index.php/xwbd/51906-position-absolute
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/sys/test-1.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 22pt;">人类生活考古学</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 22pt;">: </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 22pt;">用心绘红妆</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-indent: 132pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">—— </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16pt;">Nature Asia</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16pt;">研究亮点的成果介绍</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">自古以来,爱美之心人皆有之,欲知古人如何绘美?伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs考古学与人类学系杨益民教授指导的研究团队,利用同步辐射显微</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">CT</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">、拉曼光谱技术和蛋白质组学技术,证实新疆塔里木盆地小河墓地出土了一种以牛心为实体的化妆棒,揭示了古人“用心绘红妆”之一斑。</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">月</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">28</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">日</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">,综合性研究期刊《</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Scientific Reports</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">》在线发表了相关论文,论文的通讯作者和第一作者分别为杨益民教授及其指导的中科院古脊椎与古人类研究所麦慧娟博士生。翌日,该成果即被</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Nature Asia</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">选为研究亮点。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">小河墓地是新疆罗布泊地区青铜时代考古学文化的代表性墓地。独特的气候条件使得大量有机材料得以完好的保存。墓地发掘者之一、考古学家<span style="color: red;">李文瑛研究员</span>指出,该墓地的女性干尸腰侧,通常随葬有木祖、木梳和皮囊。利用同步辐射显微</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">CT</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">分析,发现小河墓地化妆棒样品的整体为有机质组成,而无机的红色颜料主要覆盖于样品表面;拉曼分析指出,该颜料为赤铁矿;经蛋白质组学鉴别,有机本体为黄牛的心脏。人们知道,赤铁矿是常见的红色无机矿物类化妆品,而以牛心作为化妆棒尚未见诸于报道。这一结论更为全面地反映了小河先民对牛的综合利用,甚至牛心也有特殊的化妆棒用途。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">小河墓地的红色彩绘十分普遍,不仅涂抹于干尸面部,还有众多被涂红的遗物,包括反映生殖崇拜的墓前立柱。显然,女性陪葬的化妆棒应用于涂红,而这在当时社会似具有宗教性质,一定程度上反映着当时宗教活动中女性的突出地位。需要关注的是,心脏是动物血液的</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">发动机</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">,将其制作化妆棒,或许有特殊的宗教意涵。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">对化妆品和化妆工具的研究,是了解人类社会历史和文明进程的重要领域,如今,国内外对于化妆品的科技分析都有不同程度的开展,但对于化妆工具的分析相对罕见。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">小河墓地材质奇特的化妆棒,是国内首次对化妆工具开展的科技分析,不仅有助于了解小河墓地独特的社会宗教文化,更为研究化妆用品的发展历史提供了重要的信息。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">心脏是脊椎动物最重要的器官之一。对古人而言,人们对于心脏的利用通常具有十分特殊的意义。据《晋书</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">×</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">王羲之传》记载,当时宴请宾客时有一道重要的菜肴</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">——</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">牛心炙,系牛心烤制而成,专供上层人士享用。此外,民族学的调查也表明,特殊节日时,仡佬族人将以牛心用于祭祖。无疑,本次研究为牛心的用途提供了新视角。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">此前,杨益民教授的研究团队曾借助蛋白质组学方法,鉴定了古代的奶酪、面包和粘合剂等动植物制品,本次牛心化妆棒的新成果,再次表明蛋白质组学方法在考古领域大有作为。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">上述研究得到了国家自然科学基金委、中科院战略性先导专项碳专项和中科院青年创新促进会的资助。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">文章链接:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/articles/srep18939">http://www.nature.com/articles/srep18939</a></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Nature Asia</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">报道链接</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="http://www.natureasia.com/zh-cn/research/highlight/10478/">http://www.natureasia.com/zh-cn/research/highlight/10478/</a></span></p>
<p>新华社英文报道<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> : </span><span style="background: white; font-family: '微软雅黑, Tahoma',serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><a href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-01/28/c_135054872.htm">http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-01/28/c_135054872.htm</a></span></p>
<p><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: '微软雅黑, Tahoma',serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">中国日报</span><a href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-01/29/content_23299847.htm"><span style="background: white; font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-01/29/content_23299847.htm</span></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/sys/test-1.jpg" alt="" /> </span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">图</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. </span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">墓</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">M13</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">出土干尸及随葬物品</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">a). </span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">女性干尸正面观及随葬品;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">b). </span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">干尸面部的红色彩绘</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> (</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">c). </span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">皮囊;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">d). </span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">木祖。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">皮囊放置于干尸腰部右侧</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">用蓝框标示</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">,木祖放置于左侧</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">用黄框标示</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">,木梳压于右侧臀部下方</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">正面观上未见</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/sys/test-2.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">图</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. </span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">检测样品及</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">CT</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">扫描结果</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">a). M17</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">出土皮囊及内装化妆棒;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">b). M17</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">化妆棒的表面形貌;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">c). M22</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">出土皮囊及内装化妆棒;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">d). M22</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">化妆棒的表面形貌;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">e). M17</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">化妆棒的</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">CT</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">切片;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">f). M22</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">化妆棒的</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">CT</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">切片。</span></p>
<p><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/sys/test-1.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 22pt;">人类生活考古学</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 22pt;">: </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 22pt;">用心绘红妆</span></strong></p>
<p style="text-indent: 132pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">—— </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16pt;">Nature Asia</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 16pt;">研究亮点的成果介绍</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">自古以来,爱美之心人皆有之,欲知古人如何绘美?伟德app官网下载安卓手机yubeiwigs考古学与人类学系杨益民教授指导的研究团队,利用同步辐射显微</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">CT</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">、拉曼光谱技术和蛋白质组学技术,证实新疆塔里木盆地小河墓地出土了一种以牛心为实体的化妆棒,揭示了古人“用心绘红妆”之一斑。</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">月</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">28</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">日</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">,综合性研究期刊《</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Scientific Reports</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">》在线发表了相关论文,论文的通讯作者和第一作者分别为杨益民教授及其指导的中科院古脊椎与古人类研究所麦慧娟博士生。翌日,该成果即被</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Nature Asia</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">选为研究亮点。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">小河墓地是新疆罗布泊地区青铜时代考古学文化的代表性墓地。独特的气候条件使得大量有机材料得以完好的保存。墓地发掘者之一、考古学家<span style="color: red;">李文瑛研究员</span>指出,该墓地的女性干尸腰侧,通常随葬有木祖、木梳和皮囊。利用同步辐射显微</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">CT</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">分析,发现小河墓地化妆棒样品的整体为有机质组成,而无机的红色颜料主要覆盖于样品表面;拉曼分析指出,该颜料为赤铁矿;经蛋白质组学鉴别,有机本体为黄牛的心脏。人们知道,赤铁矿是常见的红色无机矿物类化妆品,而以牛心作为化妆棒尚未见诸于报道。这一结论更为全面地反映了小河先民对牛的综合利用,甚至牛心也有特殊的化妆棒用途。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">小河墓地的红色彩绘十分普遍,不仅涂抹于干尸面部,还有众多被涂红的遗物,包括反映生殖崇拜的墓前立柱。显然,女性陪葬的化妆棒应用于涂红,而这在当时社会似具有宗教性质,一定程度上反映着当时宗教活动中女性的突出地位。需要关注的是,心脏是动物血液的</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">“</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">发动机</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">”</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">,将其制作化妆棒,或许有特殊的宗教意涵。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">对化妆品和化妆工具的研究,是了解人类社会历史和文明进程的重要领域,如今,国内外对于化妆品的科技分析都有不同程度的开展,但对于化妆工具的分析相对罕见。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">小河墓地材质奇特的化妆棒,是国内首次对化妆工具开展的科技分析,不仅有助于了解小河墓地独特的社会宗教文化,更为研究化妆用品的发展历史提供了重要的信息。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">心脏是脊椎动物最重要的器官之一。对古人而言,人们对于心脏的利用通常具有十分特殊的意义。据《晋书</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">×</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">王羲之传》记载,当时宴请宾客时有一道重要的菜肴</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">——</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">牛心炙,系牛心烤制而成,专供上层人士享用。此外,民族学的调查也表明,特殊节日时,仡佬族人将以牛心用于祭祖。无疑,本次研究为牛心的用途提供了新视角。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">此前,杨益民教授的研究团队曾借助蛋白质组学方法,鉴定了古代的奶酪、面包和粘合剂等动植物制品,本次牛心化妆棒的新成果,再次表明蛋白质组学方法在考古领域大有作为。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">上述研究得到了国家自然科学基金委、中科院战略性先导专项碳专项和中科院青年创新促进会的资助。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">文章链接:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="http://www.nature.com/articles/srep18939">http://www.nature.com/articles/srep18939</a></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Nature Asia</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">报道链接</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">:</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="http://www.natureasia.com/zh-cn/research/highlight/10478/">http://www.natureasia.com/zh-cn/research/highlight/10478/</a></span></p>
<p>新华社英文报道<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"> : </span><span style="background: white; font-family: '微软雅黑, Tahoma',serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><a href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-01/28/c_135054872.htm">http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-01/28/c_135054872.htm</a></span></p>
<p><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: '微软雅黑, Tahoma',serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">中国日报</span><a href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-01/29/content_23299847.htm"><span style="background: white; font-family: '微软雅黑',sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-01/29/content_23299847.htm</span></a></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/sys/test-1.jpg" alt="" /> </span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">图</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. </span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">墓</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">M13</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">出土干尸及随葬物品</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">a). </span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">女性干尸正面观及随葬品;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">b). </span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">干尸面部的红色彩绘</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> (</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">c). </span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">皮囊;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">d). </span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">木祖。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">皮囊放置于干尸腰部右侧</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">用蓝框标示</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">,木祖放置于左侧</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">用黄框标示</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">,木梳压于右侧臀部下方</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">正面观上未见</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">。</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="//www.yubeiwigs.com/images/sys/test-2.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">图</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. </span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">检测样品及</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">CT</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">扫描结果</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">a). M17</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">出土皮囊及内装化妆棒;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">b). M17</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">化妆棒的表面形貌;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">c). M22</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">出土皮囊及内装化妆棒;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">d). M22</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">化妆棒的表面形貌;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">e). M17</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">化妆棒的</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">CT</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">切片;</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">f). M22</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">化妆棒的</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">CT</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">切片。</span></p>